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9. John O’Sullivan, “Annexation,”United States Magazine and Democratic Review,July–August 1845, 5.
10. John Quincy Adams, “An Address Delivered at the Request of the Committee of Citizens of Washington, 4 July 1821” (Washington, D.C.: Davis and Force, 1821), 28–29.
11. Ibid.
12. “从东往西迁移”从理论上讲，是指世界统治权的转移，即最高政治权力宝座的时空变化：从巴比伦和波斯到希腊，到罗马，到法国或德国，再到英国和（摩尔斯设想的）美国。乔治·伯克莱（George Berkeley）在“关于美洲艺术和学识前景的诗歌”中就有如下著名的诗句：
帝国走向西行之路；前四节已经落幕，第五节是大戏的终点，最后往往是关键一步。13. Jedidiah Morse,The American Geography; or, A View of the Present Situation of the United States of America,2nd ed. (London: John Stockdale, 1792), 468–69, as excerpted inManifest Destiny and American Territorial Expansion: A Brief History with Documents, ed. Amy S. Greenberg (Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2012),
14. John O’Sullivan, “The Great Nation of Futurity,”United States Magazine and Democratic Review, November 1839, 426–27.
15. O’Sullivan, “Annexation,” 9–10.
16. See Amanda Foreman,A World on Fire: Britain’s Crucial Role in the American Civil War(New York:Random House, 2011); Howard Jones,Blue and Gray Diplomacy: A History of Union and Confederate Foreign Relations (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2009).
17. Foreman, World on Fire, 784. 美国武装部队人员从南北战争结束时的1 034 064人下降到 18个月后的正规军 54 302人、志愿军11 000人。
18. Fareed Zakaria,From Wealth to Power: The Unusual Origins of America’s World Role (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1998), 47.
19. Grover Cleveland, First Inaugural Address, March 4, 1885, inThe Public Papers of Grover Cleveland (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1889), 8.
20. Thomas G. Paterson, J. Garry Clifford, and Kenneth J. Hagan,American Foreign Policy: A History (Lexington, Mass.: D. C. Heath, 1977), 189.
21. Theodore Roosevelt, Inaugural Address, March 4, 1905, inUnited States Congressional Serial Set 484 (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1905), 559.
22. Theodore Roosevelt, “International Peace,” Nobel lecture, May 5, 1910, inPeace: 1901–1925: Nobel Lectures (Singapore: World Scientific Publishing Co., 1999), 106.
23. Roosevelt’s statement to Congress, 1902, quoted in John Morton Blum,The Republican Roosevelt (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1967), 137.
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10. John Quincy Adams, “An Address Delivered at the Request of the Committee of Citizens of Washington, 4 July 1821” (Washington, D.C.: Davis and Force, 1821), 28–29.
11. Ibid.
12. “从东往西迁移”从理论上讲，是指世界统治权的转移，即最高政治权力宝座的时空变化：从巴比伦和波斯到希腊，到罗马，到法国或德国，再到英国和（摩尔斯设想的）美国。乔治·伯克莱（George Berkeley）在“关于美洲艺术和学识前景的诗歌”中就有如下著名的诗句：
帝国走向西行之路；前四节已经落幕，第五节是大戏的终点，最后往往是关键一步。13. Jedidiah Morse,The American Geography; or, A View of the Present Situation of the United States of America,2nd ed. (London: John Stockdale, 1792), 468–69, as excerpted inManifest Destiny and American Territorial Expansion: A Brief History with Documents, ed. Amy S. Greenberg (Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2012),
14. John O’Sullivan, “The Great Nation of Futurity,”United States Magazine and Democratic Review, November 1839, 426–27.
15. O’Sullivan, “Annexation,” 9–10.
16. See Amanda Foreman,A World on Fire: Britain’s Crucial Role in the American Civil War(New York:Random House, 2011); Howard Jones,Blue and Gray Diplomacy: A History of Union and Confederate Foreign Relations (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2009).
17. Foreman, World on Fire, 784. 美国武装部队人员从南北战争结束时的1 034 064人下降到 18个月后的正规军 54 302人、志愿军11 000人。
18. Fareed Zakaria,From Wealth to Power: The Unusual Origins of America’s World Role (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1998), 47.
19. Grover Cleveland, First Inaugural Address, March 4, 1885, inThe Public Papers of Grover Cleveland (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1889), 8.
20. Thomas G. Paterson, J. Garry Clifford, and Kenneth J. Hagan,American Foreign Policy: A History (Lexington, Mass.: D. C. Heath, 1977), 189.
21. Theodore Roosevelt, Inaugural Address, March 4, 1905, inUnited States Congressional Serial Set 484 (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1905), 559.
22. Theodore Roosevelt, “International Peace,” Nobel lecture, May 5, 1910, inPeace: 1901–1925: Nobel Lectures (Singapore: World Scientific Publishing Co., 1999), 106.
23. Roosevelt’s statement to Congress, 1902, quoted in John Morton Blum,The Republican Roosevelt (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1967), 137.
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